Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It causes whiteheads, blackheads or pimples. Acne is most common among teenagers, though it affects people of all ages. Effective acne treatments are available, but acne can be persistent. Depending on its severity, acne can cause emotional distress and scar the skin. The earlier you start treatment, the lower your risk of such problems. Acne signs vary depending on the severity of your condition but include:

• Whiteheads (closed plugged pores)

• Blackheads (open plugged pores)

• Small red, tender bumps (papules)

• Pimples (pustules), which are papules with pus at their tips

• Large, solid, painful lumps under the skin (nodules)

• Painful, pus-filled lumps under the skin (cystic lesions)

Acne usually appears on the face, forehead, chest, upper back and shoulders.

Certain things may trigger or worsen acne:

• Hormonal changes. Androgens are hormones that increase in boys and girls during puberty and cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge and make more sebum. Hormone changes during midlife, particularly in women, can lead to breakouts too.

• Certain medications. Examples include drugs containing corticosteroids, testosterone or lithium.

• Diet. Studies indicate that consuming certain foods — including carbohydrate-rich foods, such as bread, bagels and chips — may worsen acne. Further study is needed to examine whether people with acne would benefit from following specific dietary restrictions.

• Stress. Stress doesn't cause acne, but if you have acne already, stress may make it worse.

Self-care

• Clean your skin gently with a mild wash with salicylic acid or benzoyl. Remove all dirt or make up.

• Wash once or twice a day, and also after exercising. Avoid scrubbing or repeated skin washing.

• Shampoo your hair daily, if it is oily.

• Comb or pull your hair back to keep the hair out of your face.

• Avoid using rubbing alcohol or toners that are very drying to the skin.

• Avoid oil-based cosmetics.

To further prevent acne:

• Do not aggressively squeeze, scratch, pick, or rub pimples. This can lead to skin infections as well as scarring and delayed healing.

• Avoid wearing tight headbands, baseball caps, and other hats.

• Avoid touching your face.

• Avoid greasy cosmetics or creams.

• Do not leave make up on overnight.

I have selected products that I feel are particularly beneficial to acne sufferers, which can be used alongside, or to replace your existing skincare regime.